Beneficial Ownership Information: What You Need To Know
Have you heard about the new beneficial ownership reporting requirements for certain companies in the United States? If you run or own a startup or small business, changes are this impacts you.
As of January 1, 2025, millions of limited liability companies (LLCs), corporations, and other similar entities must file a Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) Report with the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN). This new federal regulation stems from legislation called the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) and aims to shed light on who ultimately owns, controls, or benefits from companies.
In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything startups need to know to comply with beneficial ownership information reporting rules in 2024 and beyond.
Why beneficial ownership information report matters
Requiring certain companies to report detailed beneficial ownership information to the government is a big shift. But the underlying goals make good sense – preventing financial crimes and giving law enforcement tools to catch criminals, especially through the transparency reporting companies must uphold.
Specifically, the CTA targets money laundering, tax evasion, and other illicit activities made easier when the real humans behind shell companies are unknown. The beneficial ownership reporting requirements aim to peel back the curtain of anonymity, mainly targeting domestic and foreign reporting companies.
Of course, the vast majority of startups and small businesses, now included under reporting companies, are following the rules and doing great things. But policymakers decided the tradeoff of requiring beneficial ownership information reports from these entities is worthwhile to catch sophisticated criminals misusing corporate structures.
Which startups need to file beneficial ownership information
If you run or own an LLC, corporation, or other similar formalized entity created through filings with a Secretary of State, you may need to comply with new beneficial ownership information reporting requirement rules. However, various exemptions apply.
For example, sole proprietorships formed without any formal state filing typically don’t trigger requirements to report beneficial ownership information. The CTA also carves out 23 categories of exempt formal entities unlikely to enable crimes, including:
- Public companies
- Financial institutions
- Large operating companies
- Non-profits
- Entities with substantial U.S. physical presence
See the full list of CTA exemptions, crucial for entities considering if they are required to report. to confirm if your startup qualifies. If you incorporated or formally created an LLC, definitely investigate further. Millions of small businesses and startups without exemptions, now identified as reporting companies, need to report beneficial ownership details to FinCEN eventually.
Who must be reported as a beneficial owner
For startups subject to CTA beneficial ownership reporting requirements, the central task becomes gathering and submitting information on all “beneficial owners.”
The CTA defines a beneficial owner as any individual who:
- Directly or indirectly exercises substantial control over the entity, OR
- Owns or controls at least 25% of the ownership interests
That substantial control prong covers lots of scenarios. Any officers, governing body members, key decision makers, or those wielding power indirectly over the company get labeled as beneficial owners.
And someone who owns or controls 25%+ of a startup’s equity, assets, voting rights or other ownership interests counts as well, even if they aren’t running day-to-day operations.
When startups must file their BOI report
Now that you know a bit about which startups have beneficial ownership information reporting requirements and who must be named in the reports as beneficial owners, let’s cover timing.
For startups and small businesses already operating before January 1, 2024, the deadline to file your initial beneficial ownership information report with FinCEN is January 1, 2025.
Then for companies created on or after the start of 2024, you’ll have tight turnarounds for that first filing:
- Entities formed in 2024 -> Initial report within 90 days
- Entities formed in 2025+ -> Initial report within 30 days
As you can see, brand new startups, now considered domestic reporting companies, will need to hustle to file beneficial owner details with FinCEN within the first month of existence. Not the most exciting task, but non-compliance risks hefty civil and criminal penalties.
Ongoing BOI reporting duties after the initial filing
The CTA doesn’t stop at just a single beneficial ownership information filing for startups. Instead, it creates an ongoing duty requiring updates to FinCEN on changes within 30 days.
If any beneficial owner or their reporting details change, startups must file an updated report. For example, adjustments to who holds over 25% of ownership interests or voting rights would likely trigger this requirement. Fundraising rounds adding new investors with substantial control also require an update.
Regularly monitoring circumstances and individuals requiring BOI reporting will ensure startups stay compliant as they scale. Software tools may help track this, alongside careful attention during milestone events.
Key considerations for beneficial ownership reporting requirements
For many early-stage companies, gathering and submitting detailed personal information on owners, founders, and investors to the federal government may come as an unpleasant surprise. Let’s explore why this reporting obligation raises concerns:
Data Privacy and Security Fears – To compile a thorough beneficial ownership report, startups need to collect sensitive data like Social Security numbers, home addresses, copies of passports and driver’s licenses. That’s nerve-racking for security-conscious founders focused on growth, not building bureaucratic reporting machinery meeting strict data standards.
Fortunately, FinCEN plans user-friendly secure online systems for uploading reports, reducing risks of exposed documents floating around. Centralized access controls will also help startups gather beneficial owner information confidentially.
Unclear Definitions – As described above, the CTA mandates reporting for beneficial owners exerting “substantial control” – directly or indirectly. Simple in theory, but this definition worries startups dealing with complex cap tables, contracts, and messy investor relationships.
Attorneys have puzzled over exactly where the bounds of substantial control reporting lie for founders, directors, early employees with responsibility, advisors with equity, and passive venture investors. Similarly, intricate rules address tiered ownership via funds or offshore holding entities.
Startups must carefully apply CTA guidance around beneficial ownership to avoid leaving important individuals out of beneficial ownership information reports…or accidentally including those exceeding reporting thresholds.
Added burdens for fast-changing startups
Dynamic young companies morph frequently, especially during growth spurts. This complicates fulfilling rigidity beneficial ownership reporting requirements.
Each time a startup takes on big funding, modifies voting control or ownership percentages, or adjusts leadership, they must reassess who qualifies as a beneficial owner. And if changes mean new beneficial shareholders or substantial controllers emerge, startups have just 30 days to notify FinCEN.
For lean teams powered by flexibility and urgency, yet another federal filing for ownership modifications may frustrate. But overlooking updates exposes startups to penalties, damaging their delicate early foundations.
Tips for handling beneficial ownership reporting
While meeting CTA beneficial ownership information reporting rules poses real challenges, a few proactive steps will help:
- Carefully evaluate from the outset whether your startup qualifies for exemptions, avoiding requirements entirely. If not exempt, build data gathering, security protocols, and monitoring workflows into operating processes immediately to embed CTA compliance.
- Leverage legal counsel for tailored guidance on applying complex beneficial ownership tests to your investors and leadership. Avoid leaving out individuals needing reporting, or over-reporting personnel not reaching thresholds.
- Invest in ownership tracking software providing prompts on changes requiring new FinCEN filings. Some platforms even interface with BOI reporting tools to simplify submission.
- Outsource regulatory filing tasks like beneficial ownership reporting to corporate services providers to ensure compliance with the initial BOI report deadlines. Their expertise navigates compliance intricacies – letting founders stay focused on customers and growth.
While today’s news may focus on notorious foreign oligarchs and shady American tycoons, the CTA’s ripple effects touch millions of ordinary startups and small businesses. But resisting or ignoring beneficial ownership reporting rules only weakens your venture’s foundations.
Rather than postponing preparations, take proactive steps now. Build a culture embracing legal duties balanced with innovations dreaming bigger. Then when January 1, 2025 arrives, you’ll meet requirements smoothly while keeping sights set on changing the world.
